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References and endnotes
What this means

By delivering this route map, we will improve patient and
population outcomes across the four nations of the UK by:
All data rounded to 1,000
1 Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch, 2020, Lack of timely monitoring of
Providing more timely access to enhanced eye care patients with glaucoma
for patients closer to home. 2 Data source: Deloitte Access Economics, 2019, The economic impact of
coronavirus (Covid-19) on sight loss and blindness in the UK, Table 3.2 Cost of sight
loss and blindness in the UK by cost component
Reducing hospital waiting times by seeing and 3 Total number of sight tests includes NHS and self-funded care.
managing more patients in primary eye care without For NHS sight tests/eye examinations performed we used pre-Covid data from
hospital referral. official statistics:
NHS Digital, General Ophthalmic Services Activity Statistics England, year ending
31 March 2020
Preventing avoidable sight loss – including through HSC, BSO, Northern Ireland, annual GOS data 2019-20
early identification of the need for sight correction or Public Health Scotland, Ophthalmic payment system: 2006/07 to 2016/17 (OPTIX),
medical interventions, earlier discharge and better 2017/18 to 2019/20 Ophthalmic Data Warehouse
follow-up in the community. Welsh Government, Sensory health (eye care and hearing statistics): April 2019 to
March 2021
For self-funded care we obtained data of NHS to self-funded sight test from FODO
Improving the efficiency and sustainability of the NHS – members who between them provide >70% of primary eye care. This data shows
31-35% of people in England and Northern Ireland self-fund their sight test, 0-1%
minimising costs by avoiding repeat tests and delivering Scotland and 29% in Wales, the average across the UK was 30%.
ongoing care management in the community. Rounded to the nearest 1,000
4 FODO, Optics at a glance, 1982 to 2014 accessible, https://www.fodo.com/
members/data-hub/optics-at-a-glance/
Reducing the carbon footprint of healthcare. 5 Shah, R. et al (2022). Referrals from community optometrists to the hospital eye
service in Scotland and England. Eye, 36, pp. 1754-1760. doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-
01728-2
6 Fung M, Myers P., Wasala P., Hirji N. A review of 1,000 referrals to Walsall’s hospital
Improving value for money for the NHS with more eye eye service. J Public Health (Oxf). 2016 Sep;38(3):599-606. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/
care delivered for every pound invested. fdv081. Epub 2015 Jun 14. PMID: 26076700
7 Devarajan, N., Williams, G., Hopes, M. et al. The Carmarthenshire Glaucoma
Referral Refinement Scheme, a safe and efficient screening service. Eye 25, 43–49
(2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.136
To make this a reality, we will work with governments, 8 Bourne, R., French, K., Chang, L. et al. Can a community optometrist-based referral
commissioners and planners to ensure that primary eye care refinement scheme reduce false-positive glaucoma hospital referrals without
is a national priority and that care systems and pathways are compromising quality of care? The community and hospital allied network
designed collaboratively with primary eye care providers and glaucoma evaluation scheme (CHANGES). Eye 24, 881–887 (2010). https://doi.
org/10.1038/eye.2009.190
their representatives. In addition, we will deliver the cross-cutting
enablers to support the appropriate integration of care.

If you want to join FODO, support our goals or learn more Audiology Primary Eye Care
about our health policy work, please email our policy team at Pharmacy
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36 FODO UK The future of primary eye care – principles and priorities 37